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Christopher Columbus is an Italian explorer who completed several revolutionary voyages, sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs. He opened the path that began the widespread colonization of Europe and the Americas. However, there is an old common notion that Columbus was the first one to arrive on the American Continent, or the New World.
But new archaeological and scientific discoveries further confirm what historians and traditional stories have long told us, that Vikings reached the New World first, and several hundred years before Columbus ever set sail. From timber trade links to artifacts on Baffin Island, let’s explore more proof of the Vikings’ arrival.
Solar Storm Dating Nails the Timeline
Tree rings, also called growth rings, are important because they give us insights into the tree’s age and history. The width and characteristics of these circular rings in the tree’s trunk hold information about the past environments, climates, and even historical events.
Since some trees could last thousands of years, it means that they also contain that much historical information. A groundbreaking study published in Nature uses this scientific phenomenon to find out the Norse landing in the Americas.
A cosmic ray spike was known to have occurred in 993 AD, sending a surge of radiation to the Earth that the tree rings recorded. The wood samples obtained from the Viking Settlements contained these cosmic-ray spike signatures.
Scientists counted an additional 28 tree rings beyond the solar event in timbers excavated at L’Anse aux Meadows, which adds up to 1021 AD, being the year that the Vikings cut these trees. In other words, Vikings reached the Americas nearly 500 years before Columbus.
Read more: Nature
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Timber Trade Shows Repeat Voyages
The cutting of these timbers suggests that Vikings not only settled on this continent but also created a trade route for resources like timber. Scientists from the University of Iceland analyzed farm sites in Greenland and found wood species that should have only existed in North America, which further reinforces the theory that the Vikings likely traveled back and forth across the Atlantic region.
Possible Viking Sites Beyond Newfoundland

There is a well-known Newfoundland base of the Vikings, but some archaeological hints suggest that they also traveled south and even came into contact with the indigenous people. This could mean that there is a chance that the have ventured into the land of the current USA and not just in Northern Canada.
Researchers have reported that they have found clues about Nordic style textiles and metals in various cultural layers that date back to Medieval times. Although this information is not conclusive, they still support the massive amount of evidence that already confirms the arrival of the Vikings in the New World.
Read more: Popular Mechanics
Beyond the Discovery: What It All Means

These discoveries and proofs challenge the European-centric narrative of Christopher Columbus being the first person to arrive in the Americas. However, it does not change the fact that if Columbus had not found the New World and had not been successful in all his voyages, the modern era would have been completely changed.
The scientific evidence is almost rock solid at this point, so the next question we should be asking is what impact did the Vikings have on the indigenous people of the Americas and the eventual civilization that would have taken place on this continent?
Author's Final Thoughts
The story of Vikings arriving in the Americas first, before Christopher Columbus, is no longer a myth. It is based on scientific evidence, archaeological discoveries, and historical artifacts. But most importantly, it reminds us that history is complex and multifaceted.
We do not know everything that happened in the past, and some events could be influenced by the storyteller and their narratives. That is why we need to rely more on facts and real pieces of evidence to find out the historical truth.
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